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发表于 2010-12-21 18:53:40
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本帖最后由 xuyongchen 于 2010-12-24 13:22 编辑
2010 Appleton medal and prize
Dr Myles Allen
University of Oxford
For his important contributions to the detection and attribution of human influence on climate and quantifying uncertainty in climate predictions.
为表彰他在发现并归因人类对气候的影响以及量化气候预测的不确定性方面所作出的重要贡献。
Dr Allen is an outstanding Climate Physicist who has made major advances in the understanding and quantification of the role of uncertainty in predictions of future climate change, and has developed powerful techniques for detecting signs of climate change in observational data. 艾伦博士是一位杰出的气候物理学家，致力于理解并量化不确定性在预测未来气候时所扮演的角色，并已经开发出强有力的设备用以探测观测数据中气候变化的征兆。He is especially noted for his vision and leadership in conceiving and bringing to fruition the Climateprediction.net project, the largest climate prediction experiment yet to have been performed. 他因其独特的观念和领导力以及构想并实现全球迄今为止最大的气候预测实验Climateprediction.net计划的运作而备受关注。
Rapid changes in the Earth’s climate system, brought about by human activities and industrial development, arguably pose some of the greatest challenges to Society at the present time. But because of the extreme complexity of the climate system and its erratic natural variability, it is very difficult to separate cause and effect, and hence, to evaluate the impact of any one cause on the risk of extreme weather events and other consequences of climate change. 尽管人类活动以及工业发展导致地球气候系统急剧变化引发了当今社会一些巨大挑战这一观点尚有争议，但由于气候系统的极端复杂性以及（难以捉摸的）自然多变性，我们很难区分原因和影响，也因此无法评估某一个因素对于极端天气事件和其他气候改变所造成结果的影响。During the past 15 years, Dr Myles Allen has sought to apply a combination of clear-sighted physical intuition and rigorous mathematical and statistical analysis to the identification and attribution of changes in the climate system, both in the analysis of the observed behaviour of the climate and in numerical simulation models. 在过去的15年中，艾伦博士试图寻找并运用一种结合了明晰的物理直觉、缜密的数学和统计分析的方法来识别并归因气候系统的变化。识别与归因均基于对观测到的气候特征以及用数字表示的模拟模型的分析。This is widely recognised as a very important approach, (a) for a quantitative understanding of anthropogenic climate changes, and (b) for evaluating the impact of proposed responses and measures to ameliorate their effects. 这一举措因其定量的理解了人类所引起的气候变化，以及评估了人们提出的回应和方法对于改善人类不良影响的作用而作为一项重要的尝试被广泛认可。Dr Allen’s reputation in this area has been widely recognised internationally, not least by his prominent roles in the 3rd and 4th Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.艾伦博士在这一领域的声望在全球范围内广为流传，而这不仅仅是因为他在第三届以及第四届政府间气候变化小组评审报告中所起到的重要作用。
Of particular note has been his leading role in the pioneering application of novel and innovative distributed computing methods to make use of computing resources provided voluntarily by the general public on a massive scale in the Climateprediction.net initiative. 他开创性的率先应用新颖且革新的分布式计算方法来最大程度的使用来自巨大范围内普通公民通过Climateprediction,net贡献出的计算资源。This has enabled his group to carry out ensembles of climate prediction simulations using a state-of-the-art numerical climate model on an unprecedented scale, in which parallel simulations are carried out, subject to variations in either initial conditions or model parameters, with tens of thousands of participants taking part so far. 这使得他的团队可以在一个前所未有的范围内通过一种反映现代科技水平的、用数字表示的气候模型来观察气候模拟预测的总体效果。平行试验也在同样的范围内展开并通过初始条件或模型变量加以区分。目前为止实验已经有成百上千的人参与。The ability to carry out systematic ensemble simulation studies on this scale is crucial to be able to investigate systematically the intrinsic uncertainties in numerical climate prediction. 在这一范围内进行系统的模拟效果的研究对于研究用数字表示的气候预测的内在不确定性有着极为重要的作用Advanced climate models are extremely complex nonlinear systems and require the specification of a large number of physical parameters, many of which cannot be quantified accurately from physical measurements of the climate system. 优越的气候模型是极端复杂的非线性系统并且需要大量的详细而准确的物理参数。而很多变量无法通过气候系统中的物理方法精确量化。So very large ensembles are necessary to explore such a multi-dimensional parameter space. 因此大尺度的效果对于探索这样一个多方变量空间是十分有必要的。The success of Climateprediction.net has also had an extremely important added benefit of actively engaging members of the public throughout the world in climate research, and in providing an outstanding opportunity for public engagement and education about the physics of climate.Climateprediction.net的成功还有另外一个非常重要的好处，那就是让全世界的人民积极的投身于气候研究中，并且为公共参与事业以及气候物理教育提供了一个卓越的机会。
第一次翻译并且使用的比较老的大英汉字典，加上英语水平有限，对于气候实验方面的术语不太了解，有些地方根据意思进行了意译，还有的地方添加了一些词语。感觉翻译中有不少地方可以切肯定能修改。希望大家指正！
2010-12-22由nekoko提出三条意见。已修正。 |
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发表于 2010-8-8 16:36:07
发表于 2010-12-21 15:00:54
