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发表于 2005-10-27 22:52:10
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evolution
翻译页面:http://fans.equn.com/dingcong/grid/evolution.html
The birth of distributed computing
In the early 1970s when computers were first linked by networks, the idea of harnessing unused CPU cycles was born. A few early experiments with distributed computing-including a pair of programs called Creeper and Reaper-ran on the Internet's predecessor, the ARPAnet.
In 1973, the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) installed the first Ethernet network and the first full-fledged distributed computing effort was underway. Scientists John F. Shoch and Jon A. Hupp created a worm, as they called it, and envisioned it moving from machine to machine using idle resources for beneficial purposes.
In another effort, Richard Crandall, now a distinguished scientist at Apple, started putting idle, networked NeXT™ computers to work. Crandall installed software that allowed the machines, when not in use, to perform computations and to combine efforts with other machines on the network. In 1991, Zilla won the Computerworld Smithsonian award for science.
分布式计算的诞生
1970年代初期,计算机开始连接到网络,利用未使用的的cpu运算能力的想法就诞生了。一些早期的运用分布式计算的实验在英特网的前身——ARPA网上运行了,其中包括一对叫做Creeper和Reaper的程序。
1973年,Xerox Palo Alto Research Center(PARC)安装了第一个以太网络,于是第一代完全长成的分布式计算就起步了。科学家约翰F.肖奇和乔恩A.贺普创造了他们称之为蠕虫的程序,想象着它们从一台机器移动到另一台机器,为有益的目的利用机器的空闲资源。
在另一努力尝试中,理查德.克兰德,苹果公司现任杰出科学家,开始使空闲的联网的NeXT计算机工作。克兰德安装了一种软件,这个软件允许机器在不被使用时进行计算,并将其他在网机器合并起来共同努力。1991年,塞拉赢得了Computerworld Smithsonian 科学奖。
The Internet brings new scale
Distributed computing scaled to a global level with the maturation of the Internet in the 1990s. Two projects in particular have proven that the concept works extremely well — even better than many experts had anticipated.
The first of these revolutionary projects used thousands of independently owned computers across the Internet to crack encryption codes. This project, the first of its kind, was called distributed.net — affectionately known as "dnet".
The second, and the most successful and popular of distributed computing projects in history, is the SETI@home project. Over two million people — the largest number of volunteers for any Internet distributed computing project to date — have installed the SETI@home software agent since the project started in May 1999. This project conclusively proved that distributed computing could accelerate computing project results while managing project costs.
United Devices harnessed the talent from both projects to build our enterprise grid offerings from the ground up, putting to use all the knowledge gleaned from these groundbreaking projects. To prove the scalability, security and manageability of the resulting technology, the Grid MP platform, United Devices launched the United Devices-Intel Cancer Research Project with Oxford University. This would become the largest computational chemistry effort in the world. But the ultimate goal was to enable this tremendous source of computing power to customers in their own facilities.
因特网带来了全新规模
分布式计算在90年代随着因特网的成熟而上升到了一个全球性的规模。尤其有两个项目证明了这种概念运作十分有效,甚至超出了许多专家的预期。
这些革命性的项目中的第一项是利用因特网上成千上万的独立私有计算机来破解密码。这个项目,也是这一类中的第一项,被称为distributed.net,也被亲切地称为“dnet".
第二项是SETI@home项目,它是有史以来最成功和最流行的分布式计算项目。自项目于1999年九月开始,有超过两百万人——据载为参与英特网分布式计算最多的人数——安装了SETI@home软件客户端。这个项目最终证明了分布式计算能在管理项目花费不少的情况下加快计算项目结果。
UD利用了这两个项目的人才,开创了公司网格计算的服务,应用从这些创造性的项目中收集到的所用知识。为了证明这个从中产生的技术——网格MP平台——的可升级性、安全性和易管理性,UD和牛津大学合作开始了“UD-Intel癌症研究项目”。这个项目会成为全球化学界最大的计算性成果。但最终的目标是客户能在自己的设备中拥有这个巨大的计算力来源。
The big picture — the grid.
The term "grid computing" suggests a computing paradigm similar to an electric power grid-a variety of resources contribute power into a shared "pool" for many consumers to access on an as-needed basis. This ideal is still a few years off. However, there are key efforts underway to define standards that would allow the easy pooling and sharing of all computing resources, including cycles, storage, and data in a way that can promote mass adoption of grid computing. United Devices is involved in these efforts-for example, United Devices is a contributor and a Silver Sponsor of the Global Grid Forum (GGF).
宏大蓝图——网格计算
“网格计算”这个词暗示了一种类似于电力网的计算范例:各种资源贡献自己的力量进入一个共享的“水池”,许多顾客能依自己所需地进入这个“水池”。这个理想仍需一些年之后才能实现。然而,关键的努力正在进行,他们试图定下一种标准,允许以一种能推动大规模使用网格计算的方法,来方便地使用和共享所有计算资源(包括运算循环、内存)和数据。UD参与了这些努力,例如,UD是全球网格论坛(GGF)的捐助者和白银级发起者。
Getting to grid — today.
At United Devices, we approach the Grid from a value-to-customer perspective. Desktop PCs are usually the most plentiful computing resource in a company or organization — and they are consistently the most underutilized. By addressing this area of the computing arena first and completely, we provide both immediate value and provide a foundation for an IT organization to build on as they move forward with their grid infrastructure plans.
While United Devices tackled the complex security, scalability and unobtrusiveness issues required for a superior enterprise grid, neither our vision, nor our technology is limited to the realm of the PC. The Grid MP platform is the first grid solution to expose its scheduling and back-end interface as a set of web services for application developers, to embrace the standards direction of the GGF into our enterprise grid platform. By working towards emerging standards, United Devices lets our customers move toward compatibility with future grid technologies and adopt upcoming technologies as they are developed while delivering the promises and benefits of the grid today
进入网格计算——就在今天!
在UD,我们以为顾客创造价值的观念推广网格计算。桌面计算机经常是一个公司或组织里最充沛的计算资源,也是始终未被充分利用的。通过首先并完全地开发这块计算舞台,我们提供即时价值和建立IT组织的基础,即网格基础计划,使他们能前行发展。
当UD处理一个高级企业网格所需的复杂的安全性、可升级性和友好性等事项时,我们的想法我们的技术都没有受限于PC领域。网格MP平台是第一个将它的进程和末端界面作为一系列网络服务向应用开发者开放的网格解决方案,以期将GGF的标准指导带入我们的企业网格平台。通过向逐渐浮现的标准靠拢,UD在发布今日网格的承诺和益处的同时,也让我们的顾客应用开发出的最新技术,向与未来网格技术兼容的方向靠近。 |
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